Made by Enzo Hartono
- What is a Settlement?
Hamlet: A Hamlet is a type of a small settlement in which they only consists not more than 20 people. Hamlet can be temporary or even permanent. They are exclusive to the people who need the sense of privacy or even understanding the meaning of life. Other than that it is the most suitable type of settlement for the people who has a low class of economy in the community.
Village: A village is a type of settlement in which they consists of a population from a range of 100- 10,000 people. There are not much people there but they built communities and groups to increase social bonds. There are also less facilities in the village because it is quite separated from cities and towns.
Town: A town is a type of settlement in which they consists of people in a range of 10,000 – 100,000 people. A town is like a small sized version of a city settlement. They have facilities and communities but not as good as cities and not that complete. Most towns are located in the outer suburbs. Towns usually have stronger heritage values rather than cities.
City: A city is a type of settlement in which they consists of people in a range of 100,000 – 1,000,000 + population. City is the biggest settlement so far. City has the most complete facilities among all other types of settlements. A city has an improved metropolitan area and improved as well as developed infrastructure in all part of the cities.
2. What site and situation factors may have influenced the location of the settlement in Norway shown in the photograph?
The possible site and situation factors that may have influenced the location of the settlement in Norway is firstly because of the location. Norway is located in the Scandinavian areas. It is where most fjords and mountains are located, since it is a cold place. Another possible factor is that maybe because there are lakes and rivers there it makes the groups easier to make a settlement there. Because of the river and lake can give easy access to transportation and facilities over there. It could increase the economic rate and many more. Besides about the physical landscape the temperature and weather in Norway is good and cold. It gives the people and community an advantage in living with the weather. Besides about the weather and the temperature the nice views and nice scenery attracts settlers to settle in the Fjord areas in Norway.
3. Study the diagram on page 254 showing factors that influence settlements.
There are a total of 3 things, which can influence settlements. Firstly there are resources, transport routes and defense. In resources here are abundant fresh waters, unlimited water supply, towns grow and develop in oasis sites in deserts. Valleys and hills in hilly and mountainous areas. Many oil and mineral supply implemented on their lands.
The second thing is about transport routes. With many transport routes available in the settlement places. It is a very advantaging facility. With complete transport routes all people living in that settlement can go anywhere with ease and has an assured safety. The contents of a transport route is where there are intersections, asphalt roads, pedestrian crossings, river crossings, river intersections, huge water harbors, bays in water areas, docks and airports which has a safe surrounding.
The third thing is about defense. Defense is also an important part in building a settlement. With good and strong defense the community can be safe. Defense protects the residences and facilities as well as infrastructures. In defense it contains isolated hilltops and places near hills and valley areas. Mountain passes and tall mountains peninsula sites as well as island separation between main land and the islands.
3a. Give an example of a settlement in Australia based on resources.
In Australia there are many settlements based/depending on resources. One of the examples are the Alice Springs. In the Alice Springs most of the resources and settlements are located there, they can supply sands and flat lands to maybe develop new infrastructures and settlements there. The Blue Mountains near Sydney supply a lot of plants and trees for product supply and expanding new residences there. Sceneries and the environment are also sustained and well maintained.
These 2 settlements are located there and most of the available settlements are only residences such as villages and hamlets. In the deserts town settlements are available there.
3b. Give an example of a settlement in Australia based on transport routes.
In Australia most settlement types have transport routes and transport facilities. Because most of settlements in Australia has transportation facilities to ease residents and communities transporting and moving to any places. As one of the examples Melbourne has one of the busiest MRT and trams buzzing in Melbourne. The Melbourne trams called Yarra trams have operated in many routes around Melbourne. Another example of a good transport link city in Australia is Perth. Perth has one of the busiest port and harbors among other Australian cities. It has many river intersections and river access is made easier.
4. Study the photos and information on page 255.
4a. Identify the natural advantages of the site of each city.
London: The natural advantage of London is actually the river Thames. The river Thames made transportation and traveling easier. For business and transport links it is easy. In the past times the Romans invaded London. They built a bridge called London Bridge. The main purpose is to make crossing easier to the other parts of London. The river gives access to the oceans and across London and also to other cities in the United Kingdom.
Shanghai: The natural advantage of Shanghai is the availability of the delta of the Yangtze River. Shanghai was originally a fishing village due to the advantage from the Yangtze River delta and the continuous of the river. Shanghai also has a very strategic location. It is located in the coast of the southern and the northern territory of China. With this Shanghai became the 5 largest cities in China especially for trading.
St. Louis: The natural advantage of St. Louis is the availability and/or presence of 2 great rivers called the Mississippi and the Missouri. Because of the 2 great rivers, St. Louis has a benefit and an advantage in business and trading. St. Louis is the 2nd largest port in U.S.A after New York. Many boats, ships and steamboats have docked in St. Louis sue to the available strategic location for transportation access.
Mumbai: The natural advantage of Mumbai is that Mumbai has a total of 7 coastal islands, which are linked with the main land, and the islands. This makes Mumbai one of the most strategic cities in India and all over the world. With these islands many of the population can be relocated to the 7 coastal islands. Other than that many ships and boats can dock there and send logistics.
New York: The natural advantage of New York is that New York contains of many rivers and many sides of seas. Harbors are easily located there. The Hudson River really gives strategic location for boats to transport people anywhere around the city. The sides if the coats also help a lot. Water taxis and boats can easily go there.
4b. What human influences caused these cities to develop over time?
Many of the cities settlement in the images available come from a similar and same human influence type. The human influences have really intensive and effective development to these types of settlements. The human influence is that humans begin to develop their entrepreneurship and trading life and techniques to be implemented in these cities. With this kind of influence because of the competing modern world of business many competitions and many activities happen. Therefore, the facilities of each strategic settlements of the world should match the specifications so that it can make businesses of people run smoother and logical as well as maintaining consistency.
4c. What similarities can you recognize in the development of some of these cities? Name the cities and the similarities you notice.
London & Shanghai
Similarities
The similarities between those 2 big metropolitan busy cities are that they have a thing in common especially for business strategy and transport links. As we know that Shanghai and London has rivers, which crosses and surrounds the cities. The rivers also connect to the sea instantly. This makes it easy for ships and water transportations to go in the city through the river. This way, it also give advantages for the 2 cities to have a supply of water for drinking then passing through a reservoir.
Besides the positive and the advantages of the cities these 2 cities have disadvantages too. For instance, major serious floods can happen at anytime due to the overflowing of the river volume in the rivers. Reservoirs can sometimes be unuseful as well as ineffective due to the limited amount of space, which can hold up the amount of the water.
However, This still gives an intense advantage especially for business. Besides business tourism and travel also has an advantage. The rivers provide great tracks for them for tourism destinations.
5. Briefly describe site and situation factors that have influenced the location of your town or city. (For detailed information, use a topographic map.)
Surabaya is the city where I live. Surabaya is located in the Eastern part of Java. Surabaya is the 2nd largest city in Indonesia. Surabaya is surrounded with a total of 2 coasts with the ocean. Surabaya is also crossed with 1 river, which is the Brantas river. The sea, which surrounds 2 sides of Surabaya, increases and gives an advantage to the business area. In Surabaya there is 1 harbor called “Tanjung Perak” it is also one of Indonesia’s biggest and busiest port. The site of Surabaya is mostly flat, but in the western part it is hilly and full of hilly textures. Surabaya also has many minor valleys in western parts as well as some in the eastern parts. However, many residents and buildings are made there and does not interfere with anything including with infrastructure and many more building constructions.
The situation in Surabaya is very hot and has a regular occurrence of dense weather. Surabaya has a high humidity level. The average temperature is around 25 degree Celsius to 40 degree Celsius. In some cases Surabaya experience floods and strong winds.
6. Study the map below and refer to an atlas (if necessary to answer the following questions.)
6a. Name three countries with a very high urban population.
Japan - over 100 people per square kilometer
United States of America - over 100 people per square kilometer
Brazil - over 100 people per square kilometer
6b. Name three countries with a very low urban population.
Canada – Has a population of under 10 per square kilometer.
Russia - Has a population of under 10 per square kilometer.
Australia - Has a population of under 10 per square kilometer.
6c. Identify the country that has the highest number of cities with a population over 1,000,000.
Indonesia (Jakarta)
India (Mumbai and New Delhi)
China (Shanghai and Beijing)
United States of America (Los Angeles, Sam Francisco, New York, Boston)
Spain (Madrid)
United Kingdom (London)
Turkey (Istanbul)
Brazil (Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)
Argentina (Buenos Aires)
6d. List three developing countries that have the highest number of cities with a population greater than 1,000,000.
India – over 10,000,000 population (Over 100 people per square kilometer)
Egypt - over 10,000,000 population (Over 100 people per square kilometer)
Brazil - over 10,000,000 population (Over 100 people per square kilometer)